Abstract:
ABSTRACT
This study examines Amos’ critique of Israel’s worship at Bethel and Gilgal (Amos 4:4
5; 5:21-27), condemning religious hypocrisy. Using George Kenedy’s five-stage model
of rhetorical criticism as the methodological framework, the study analyzes Amos’ use
of irony, satire, hyperbole, and judicial rhetoric to emphasize justice and righteousness
over empty sacrifices. Through this lens, two key authorial intentions emerge:
minimizing Israel’s excessive rituals that overlook righteousness and depicting the
corrupt cult from Yahweh’s perspective. Although some scholars argue that Amos did
not explicitly identify the sinfulness of Bethel and Gilgal, this study finds that he
condemned the offering of both leavened and unleavened food-acts that further
intensified Israel’s rebellion. The study also explores the contemporary relevance of
Amos’ message for Ghanaian Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches where the emphasis on
miracles and prosperity often overshadows ethical leadership and social justice. It
reveals patterns of financial and moral exploitation and underscores the biblical call for
justice, integrity, and accountability. The findings suggest that pastors should prioritize
justice in their ministries. Churches, especially Pentecostal/Charismatic persuasions,
must support the needy, invest in youth training and care for the vulnerable.
Furthermore, applying Amos’ prophetic critique to Ghanaian society at large can foster
biblical formation, reduce corruption, and inspire national reform.
Keywords: Cult, Yahweh, Rhetorical Criticism, Prophets, Prophecy, Justice
Righteousness
